Accessibility
Clearinghouse Clips: May 27, 2010
CMS State Medicaid Directors Letter โ Community Living Initiative
Summary: This letter was issued to provide information on new tools for community integration and to remind States of existing tools that remain strong resources in their efforts to support community living. Various technical assistance resources are listed, including a new guide for enhancing the availability of HCBS within managed care delivery systems. Progress around the HUD partnership, HCBS waiver and state plan options, grant programs, ADRCs and discharge planning are discussed as well.Topic(s): Consumer/Participant Direction, Employment Programs, Housing, Long-Term Care, Medicaid Infrastructure Grant, Money Follows the Person, Olmstead, Quality, Resource Center, State/Agency Information
Source: CMS
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3203
2010 Cost of Care Survey
Summary: While long term care costs continue to rise nationally, the cost for in-home care is rising at a much slower pace. Complete national and state cost of care data can be found in the full report. Other reports include an Executive Summary of key findings, detailed methodology information and listings of counties involved in the survey. Also find an interactive map detailing costs within each state.Topic(s): Long-Term Care, State/Agency Information
Source: Genworth Financial
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3155
A Guide to Memorandum of Understanding Negotiation and Development
Summary: Through the use of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), agreements between agencies can be formalized. This paper discusses the process an agency should follow to develop interagency MOUs and presents examples of MOUs which can be used as models. It was originally prepared for the agencies participating in the National Long Term Care Channeling Demonstration Program, but has since been widely adapted and disseminated.Topic(s): Aging Issues, Long-Term Care
Source: Mid-Atlantic Long Term Care Gerontology Center
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3192
Compendium of Community Aging Initiatives
Summary: Find a comprehensive listing of initiatives across the country to help communities become more aging-friendly. Included in the Compendium are brief summaries of 121 community aging efforts, contacts for each, and listings organized by national affiliation and state.Topic(s): Aging Issues, Long-Term Care, State/Agency Information
Source: Center for the Advanced Study of Aging Services, UC Berkeley
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3136
Direct Care Worker Retention โ Strategies for Success
Summary: More than two dozen proven examples of direct-care worker retention strategies are outlined in this report. The report includes key research findings in the literature that show which factors lead to an increase in retention, as well as key successful strategies and programs, including many tools, resources and contacts.Topic(s): Aging Issues, Long-Term Care, Workforce/Direct Care
Source: Institute for the Future of Aging Services
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3206
Direct-Care Workforce โ Federal Data
Summary: Find two fact sheets; the first presents occupational employment projections for the three job titles that make up the direct-care workforce: nursing assistants, home health aides, and personal and home care aides, and suggests that over the next decade, the nationโs direct-care workforce will constitute the largest, fastest-growing group of jobs in the country. The second provides a detailed overview of the demographic and economic characteristics of the direct-care workforce.Topic(s): State/Agency Information, Workforce/Direct Care
Source: PHI
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3143
How Many SSDI Beneficiaries Leave the Rolls for Work? More Than You Might Think
Summary: Statistics for how many people on the Social Security disability rolls return to work published by the SSA each year are based on the behavior of beneficiaries over a short period. Longer-term statistics offer โgood newsโ in that, compared to the short-term statistics, they show more beneficiaries leaving the rolls after finding work. They also show that some beneficiaries who return to work but donโt leave the rolls could become more self sufficient if better work incentives were in place.Topic(s): Employment Programs
Source: Mathematica
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3217
In-Home Supportive Services Program: Considering the State Costs and Benefits
Summary: What is the net fiscal impact of the IHSS Program on the public sector? The program, which is available to low-income elderly and disabled persons, provides services to recipients in their own homes and can enhance quality of life by making it easier to live at home. This report concludes that the state maximizes its net fiscal impact by targeting IHSS services to those recipients who are most likely to enter a nursing home in the absence of the program.Topic(s): Consumer/Participant Direction, Long-Term Care, Transition/Diversion from Institutions
Source: Legislative Analysts Office
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3144
Increasing Person-Centered Thinking: Improving the Quality of Person-Centered Planning
Summary: Are you looking for ways to improve the quality of person-centered plans? This manual was developed to help improve the facilitation process around PCP. Most of the information uses the foundation of Personal Futures Planning, and the training provides an overview of the fundamental concepts and principles underlying this approach to planning. The manual is intended to be used as a resource in training programs.Topic(s): Quality
Source: Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3218
IRIS: Include, Respect, I Self-Direct โ Wisconsin
Summary: Check out a long term care option that allows individuals more choice, control, and freedom in designing their support and service plans to meet functional, vocational, medical and social needs. Consumers manage their goods and services, and may use the program to remain in their community and avoid moving into a nursing home or an institution. Explore IRIS's website and brochure.Topic(s): Consumer/Participant Direction, Long-Term Care, Resource Center
Source: IRIS-Wisconsin
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3141
Overview of ADRC Program โ Online Training
Summary: Learn about the purpose, goals and activities of ADRCs. This course is geared towards ADRC staff, as well as others serving people with needs for long-term care information, services and supports. It includes a description of resources available on the ADRC-TAE website as well as links to other valuable resources. This course is helpful for anyone who wants to learn about the current trends in LTC policy at the federal, state, and local levels.Topic(s): Aging Issues, Long-Term Care
Source: The Lewin Group
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3158
Overview of the Community First Choice Option
Summary: Find a chart that summarizes the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Community First Choice Option. This legislation amends 1915 of the Social Security Act to allow States to provide โCommunity-Based Attendant Services and Supportsโ. Information regarding financing, eligibility, scope of services, system design, quality management, evaluation and stakeholder involvement are included.Topic(s): Consumer/Participant Direction, Financing HCBS
Source: NRCPDS
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3193
Staying Employed: Early Intervention for Adults with Potentially Disabling Conditions
Summary: Did you miss the disability forum which provided an overview of the Demonstration to Maintain Independence and Employment? You can access a live recording of presentations where the rationale for DMIE, a review of its core goals, and descriptions of four statesโ implementations of the program were presented. Findings and implications for disability policy are discussed as well.Topic(s): Developmental/Psychiatric Disabilities, Employment Programs
Source: Mathematica
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3209
The Classic Measure of Disability in Activities of Daily Living Is Biased ...
Summary: Policy makers desire a uniform assessment tool that works well for adults of all ages, but disability assessment can only be as uniform as the underlying measurement is. If ADL or IADL/ADL measures are biased by age, their use with adults of different ages could be misleading. Findings of this study indicate that as demand for community services increases among adults of all ages, an expanded IADL/ADL measure is more useful than ADL.Topic(s): Aging Issues, Developmental/Psychiatric Disabilities, Physical Disabilities
Source: Journal of Gerontology
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3142
Evaluation of MED Works โ Indiana
Summary: Looking for samples of MIG program evaluations and corresponding materials? The state of Indiana created the attached evaluations, reports, data supplement and evaluation progress reports for their MED Works Program. These samples contain program details, how well it's working and what the findings mean for the future of the program. It's an approach that could be useful to other states.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3211
NOFA Internet Website Postings โ Nevada
Summary: How are states getting the word out about the latest changes to their MIG programs as they continue to grow and evolve? Nevada posts new information in their โWhat's Newโ column on the Nevada Department of Health and Human Services website. Listing the most up to date information in this manner provides a useful way of keeping visitors as up-to-date as possible about their program and provides good incentive for return visits. It is an approach that could be beneficial to other states.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3210
Personal Assistance Services โ North Dakota
Summary: How are states making personal assistance services an effective reality for consumers? North Dakota created The Registry, a website designed to help connect seniors, people with disabilities, and family members using personal assistance services and various home and community based services, with available providers of HCBS such as Qualified Services Providers. A link to this site and marketing materials are attached, and could serve as templates for other MIG states.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3185
Sustainable Work Incentive Supports โ Indiana
Summary: Is Indiana's Work Incentive Planning & Assistance program creating sustainable work incentive supports? The attached presentation outlines how policies and resources implemented by the program have helped create long term sustainability by providing training, technical assistance & quality assurance. A sample of this presentation is attached and could be useful to other MIG states with similar program goals.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3216
Works For Me โ Pennsylvania
Summary: How is Pennsylvania marketing its MIG program called "Works for Me"? In October 2009, the Works For Me website went live, as did their billboards, TV ads and a direct mail campaign. Attached is a link to the website for this program which offers an audio version of each web page, sample newsletters, brochure, and billboard artwork. These samples could be useful to other states starting a MIG program of their own and/or interested in creating cohesive marketing campaigns.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3175
2009 Workshop Evaluation Results โ Maryland
Summary: The Maryland Department of Disabilities hosted an intensive workshop focused on employment resources and services, and job-seeking sessions about cover letters, resumes, job applications, interviewing and benefits counseling. A sample of the questions and results are attached.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3188
Affordable Housing Fund โ North Dakota
Summary: How are states getting support for the establishment of proposed funds? North Dakota created a proposal, fact sheet, alliance members list, a planning meeting invitation and a guide for the development of a letter of support for the establishment of a state-wide affordable housing fund to assist communities with their unmet housing needs.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3181
Barriers to Employment for People with Disabilities โ North Carolina
Summary: The state of North Carolina addressed the issue of barriers at this presentation at the 2009 annual meeting of the American Public Health Association. The presentation, including data and their implications, addresses intensive and irregular service use as possible barriers to employment.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3186
Benefits Counseling and Vocational Rehab Surveys โ Indiana
Summary: Looking for examples of service provider surveys to better understand program and training success? The state of Indiana created the attached survey samples to assess how information about MED Works is shared with individuals who are working or interested in working.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3214
Benefits Planning & Assistance โ Nevada
Summary: How is benefits planning & assistance being incorporated into Nevada's Disability Employment Education Project? To fight the fear of losing benefits, which prevents many individuals with disabilities from seeking work or returning to work, Nevada created a benefits planning and assistance program. A sample of the marketing material, which includes services offered, eligibility and contact information is attached.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3208
Career Exploration Fair for Youth with Disabilities โ Nevada
Summary: As part of their Disability Employment Education Project, Nevada created a career exploration fair for youth with disabilities age 14-22. It gives students the opportunity to visit with representatives from a wide range of industries, learning first-hand about the necessary skills and educational requirements related to careers of interest.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3205
Communicating Effectively โ North Dakota
Summary: How can employers communicate effectively with people who have a disability? North Dakota created a manual outlining ten communication tips, disability specific tips, people first language, and workplace strategies.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3182
Corporate Job Development Training โ Indiana
Summary: How are state MIG programs reaching out to the business community? The state of Indiana created a training curriculum to help promote the hiring of people with disabilities. The attached samples include business outreach models currently offered by companies, the LOWEโS โBuilding A New Futureโ project, disability awareness training for Walgreens, business development of rural providers, a form template for worksite analysis, and coaching and natural support ideas training.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3212
Employ-ABLE! โ Maryland
Summary: How are states incorporating the needs of people with disabilities into career and job fairs? The State of Maryland created the Employ-Able Disability Career Fair, which was incorporated into the stateโs annual World of Possibilities Expo, with the goal of helping to bring more employment opportunities to the disabilities community and returning disabled veterans by linking employers with job seekers. View a sample flyer and a link to the website.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3187
EmployAbility 2009 Employment Fair โ Nevada
Summary: Are states providing people with disabilities the necessary tools to reach their career goals? As part of their Disability Employment Education Project, Nevada created an Employment Education Fair, designed to develop skills and knowledge on how to be competitive in the job market. Review samples of marketing material, an evaluation form and a press release about the EmployAbility 2009 Education Fair.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3207
EmployAbility E-Newsletters โ Nevada
Summary: How is Nevada using an online newsletter to keep consumers and service providers updated on all things pertaining to their MIG grant Program? EmployAbility is a monthly e-newsletter which covers programs, policies, resources and events related to the Nevada Disability Employment Education Project. Event announcements often include registration forms needed.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3200
EmployAbility Event Press Release โ Nevada
Summary: Using the media to get the word out about employment events for people with disabilities is a great marketing tool. The state of Nevada created the attached press release to announce an event being held to develop work skills of individuals with disabilities. A sample of this document is attached and could serve as a template for other states looking into marketing their events or programs.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3202
Employed Individuals with Disabilities โ Maryland
Summary: Attached are samples of the many marketing materials for this program, including a reminder card, article and posters. Informing consumers about this option is vital to a successful program.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3189
Employing and Retaining Individuals with Disabilities - Utah
Summary: Providing employers with the resources to make hiring and retaining employees with disabilities a more common practice is one approach Utah is taking to ensure more successful programs. The attached presentation to employers was given at a semi-annual Employer Workshop, to provide information and support to employers about hiring and retaining employees with disabilities.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3169
Employment Curriculum โ Louisiana
Summary: Through a series of informational documents, Louisiana summarizes Disability Benefits & Work, Finding a Job, Knowing your Rights, Support, Taxes, Ticket to Work, and Transition after High School programs. Samples of these documents are attached and could be useful templates for other states interested in similar projects and marketing approaches.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3197
Employment Workgroup - Rhode Island
Summary: As part of its MIG grant, Rhode Islandโs Executive Office of Health & Human Services members were asked to join at least one of six workgroups. This paper is the culmination of the work performed and the recommendations of the committed group of individuals who are the Global Waiver Task Force Employment Workgroup. Seven corresponding attachments are also attached.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3174
Fact Sheet for Employers โ South Dakota
Summary: One way South Dakota is reaching out is through an informational fact listing "Facts for Employers," "Tax Incentives for Employers" and "Resources for Employers". A sample is attached.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3177
Fact Sheets for Consumers โ South Dakota
Summary: How are states getting the facts out to consumers about their MIG program? South Dakota is providing readers with information about SSA Work Incentives, Taxes, Medicaid Buy In, Self Employment, Asset Development, Looking for a Job, Knowing Your Rights, and the Ticket To Work Program through fact sheets that outline the program and resources. Samples are attached and could serve as a guide to other MIG grantees.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3176
Family Opportunity Act Letter โ Louisiana
Summary: See how Louisiana's Family Opportunity Act is keeping parents or guardians of children waiting for services informed about new MIG services they could be getting immediately. Attached is a sample of a letter sent out to parents or guardians to inform them of the Family Opportunity Act (FOA).Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3198
Finding, Getting and Keeping a Job โ Utah
Summary: What are states doing to help teachers whose job is to prepare youth with disabilities for a fulfilling work life? The attached presentation was given to students in the Brigham Young University Special Education Department. It addresses myths and truths about employment and people with disabilities.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3164
From Entitlement to Eligibility - Utah
Summary: What are states doing to address the needs of individuals with learning disabilities in school and beyond? Utah gave the attached presentations at the Learning Disabilities Association National Conference to address the diverse services available across the lifetime of an individual with learning disabilities.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3170
Get Ready for that Paycheck! โ Utah
Summary: What can parents do to help young adults improve employability skills and prepare for the world of work? Utah wants to get parents involved early. They created the attached PowerPoint presentation that outlines essential skills and a list of how parents can help with each. These skills are broken down into work, academic, people and thinking skills.Improving Community Employment Pilot Project โ Ohio
Summary: Ohio created application materials for school districts interested in becoming one of two Regional Transition Pilot Projects. These projects would participate in developing and implementing an inter-agency transition planning and support project for transition-age youth with disabilities.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3179
Medicaid and Working - Utah
Summary: Choices about employment and lifestyle are often made without full understanding of the many rules. The State of Utah wants its service providers and teachers to understand all the options so they can inform and empower people with disabilities to have increased earnings and improved quality of life. The attached presentations are training materials detailing Medicaid Work Incentives.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3168
Memberโs Guide to Coverage, Services and Supports โ Louisiana
Summary: Find a sample Member's Guides to a MIG program. The state of Louisiana created the attached reference guide to help consumers understand the Medicaid Purchase Plan, its benefits and services. Some of the topics included are eligibility, Medicaid rights, responsibilities to Medicaid, covered services and helpful contacts.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3199
MIG Grant Newsletter โ North Dakota
Summary: Keeping everyone informed about MIG grant program policies and developments is important in keeping the programs running effectively. North Dakota created a monthly newsletter to do just this. Whether its answering frequently asked questions or listing upcoming events, NDโs Benefits Planning Network newsletter is a helpful and timely communications tool.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3180
MIG Program Work Product Samples โ Nevada
Summary: Looking for job skills training materials? The state of Nevada created the attached work program samples. They include a class outline booklet, sample completion certificate, high school letter, job skills brochure, job skills flyer, programmatic report, resume template and short biography template.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3201
Personal Assistance Services Brochure โ South Dakota
Summary: Do you need personal assistance services at your workplace? Personal assistance services can be a big incentive for people with disabilities who want to work, and for those whose employers do not supply their own. South Dakota created the attached brochure explaining eligibility and services to consumers.Topic(s): Employment Programs, Medicaid Infrastructure Grant
Source: Grantee produced, South Dakota
Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3178
Profile of Dual Eligible Beneficiaries - Rhode Island
Summary: How do dually eligible beneficiaries affect state MIG grant programs? Rhode Island and the University of RI, College of Pharmacy produced a chart book which highlights demographics, healthcare services, expenditures and the variation in cost by settings of care for seniors and people with disabilities who were enrolled in both Medicare and Medicaid between 1995-2005. Objectives and findings are included.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3173
Project SEARCH Presentation โ Indiana
Summary: What are the lessons learned and the sustainability of Project SEARCH Indiana? Providing transition-age youth with quality internship experiences in preparation for competitive employment, Project SEARCH Indiana seeks to prepare youth for jobs in the โreal world.โ The attached presentation was given at the 2009 MIG Employment Summit, and outlines the transition model, key partners, funding and more.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3215
Quality Employment Solutionsยฎ Newsletter โ Nebraska
Summary: How are personal success stories being used by MIG grantees to educate consumers about their programs? The Quality Employment Solutionsยฎ newsletter is published by Vocational Rehabilitation, Nebraska Department of Education, to provide information for Nebraskans working with people who have disabilities. It includes information about the program and resources, but focuses on personal success stories.Spanish Training Manual - Michigan
Summary: What are states doing to address language barriers in implementing their MIG programs? The state of Michigan created a Supported Self-Employment Training Manual in Spanish that extensively covers the history, details and resources of their program. This manual also includes forms in Spanish.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3190
Summary of Work Incentives โ North Dakota
Summary: Review a a two page document with concise explanations of each program, along with applicable resources and contact information. Topics include the Ticket to Work Program, Plan to Achieve Self-Support (PASS), and Medicare While WorkingโSection 1619(b). This easy-to-use reference could be helpful for other MIG states looking for simple and effective ways to disseminate information about their programs.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3183
Supported Self Employment Training - Michigan
Summary: Michigan is holding training workshops. Two marketing pieces for these workshops are attached. One is targeted towards individuals looking for a job, and one for individuals interested in self-employment. The training is also relevant to employment, vocational staff, and supports coordinators.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3191
The Disability Advantage โ Indiana
Summary: Promoting the hiring of people with disabilities though media directed at the businesses community could be a useful marketing strategy. The attached document is a sample of an article for the magazine "Indiana Employer". "The Disability Advantage," by James Emmett, explains how a formal disability outreach program can boost your bottom line, build your business, and lower your exposure to disability-related lawsuits.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3213
The Sherlock Plan - Rhode Island
Summary: The Sherlock Plan allows qualified working people with disabilities to earn more income without the risk of losing vital health care coverage. To inform consumers about the program, they have provided a plan overview, fact sheets in Spanish and English, and more information on their "Rhodes to Independence" website.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3172
The State of Disability - Rhode Island
Summary: How much do MIG states know about the prevalence of disabilities within their state? Rhode Island and the University of RI, College of Pharmacy produced a data-driven fact book addressing this. An excerpt of this fact book is attached below and could be helpful to other MIG grantees.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3171
Ticket to Work Pilot Program Annual Report โ Nebraska
Summary: Looking for a sample of a MIG pilot program annual report? The State of Nebraska created the attached Ticket to Work Palliative Care Pilot Program Annual Report for 2008-2009, which explains the program, funding, outreach, data, participant stories and more. It is a comprehensive sample that could serve as a template for other MIG states.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3195
Workers with Disabilities Medicaid Coverage โ North Dakota
Summary: How are MIG states working to educate people with disabilities who want to work about incentives that wonโt disqualify them for Medicaid health care coverage? This advertisement summarizes program benefits and qualifications, and list other contacts and resources for information and help. It is an approach that could be useful to other states looking to dispel popular misconceptions.Read more Info from: http://www.hcbs.org/moreInfo.php/nb/doc/3184
Do you have resources to add to our Clearinghouse?
Whether an assessment, survey, form, report or training materials, the resources you produced provide ideas and guidance to programs similar to your own.Learn more about how to Submit Your Resources
Source: Clearinghouse
Email from: Frank Mulcahy
By:
When: 7/2/2014